INSIGHTS
By
Kris Wild,
President & CIO
Apr 7, 2025
April 2, 2025—Devastation Day. Markets plunge as tariffs ignite a global economic shockwave. In Shockwave Economics, we unpack the fallout, the risks ahead, and where opportunity might still hide amid the chaos.
Introduction
The reckoning has arrived, April 2, 2025, will be known in time as D-Day (Devastation Day), the day in which the United States embarked on a bold and sloppily executed tariff policy, shocking capital markets, investors and average citizens. At the time of writing, the S&P500 closed toward the lows of the session and has now lost 17.38% from its peak on February 19, 2025 with the Nasdaq losing 21.58%. To be clear, where we go from here will be entirely dependent on how fast we see policy backtrack from the United States President, action from congress in cancelling these tariffs, or trade negotiations with our global trading partners that walk tariff rates back down toward levels that will be more digestible, or gradual. We believe that this will not be a process that works itself out in days, but will take weeks or months, and will see further volatility arise in markets. On March 17, our piece Risks, Reckoning and Resiliency, argued that markets were not merely digesting inflation or valuations but were confronting the structural repricing of risk in a world defined by deteriorating governance, fractured trade flows, and policy volatility. Trump’s “Liberation Day” tariff initiative marks the next evolution of that thesis.
This isn’t protectionism, it’s not defending the American Dream, it’s system shock and should this policy remain in place past a quarter, it will be economic Armageddon.
The announced reciprocal tariff mechanism aims to “equalize trade asymmetries,” but the formula is simplistic and the delivery mechanism highly incendiary for growth. Markets are waking up to the cost of economic imperialism masquerading as strategy. The macro narrative has also shifted: this isn’t about inflation anymore, this is about imposed entropy, with many economists wondering if there was any plan at all.
The Economic Fault Line: From Deficits to Detonations
The fiscal and economic implications of the 2025 tariff escalation are significant, here is a summary of what we have been reading:
Morgan Stanley expects global trade volumes to decline by 3.6% if fully enacted tariffs are implemented across targeted jurisdictions, cutting U.S. GDP by 0.6% and global GDP by 1.4% over 12 months .
UBS see’s three tariff escalation scenarios, with “Retaliatory Spiral” seeing a 7–10% earnings compression for the S&P 500 and nearly 5 million jobs at risk across trade-sensitive sectors .
Yale’s Budget Lab estimates the enacted 2025 tariffs (as of April) already impose a regressive tax of $1,300 per household and disproportionately impact the bottom 40% of earners .
American Action Forum analysis projects that the cumulative cost of reciprocal tariffs through 2026 could exceed $1.6 trillion in lost output and $450 billion in tax-equivalent burdens .
The Richmond Fed warns of second-order effects on productivity and capital formation due to misallocation of labor and underinvestment in globally integrated sectors .
When mapped together, these are not isolated estimates. They signal a policy induced economic doom loop with the potential to eviscerate GDP, the labor force, industrial production, price stability and supply chains.
Market Regimes and Short-Term Dislocations
Still, within this chaos, we believe you can find some structure. As we saw with previous liquidity shocks, volatility is not uniformly negative, it can create rotational opportunities. Here are our tactical takeaways:
Domestic Rotation – Short-Term Equity Bounces from Oversold Conditions
In the near term, we could see knee-jerk rotation into:
Domestic cyclicals (utilities, REITs, consumer staples) as market makers unwind global exposures, and investors look to shore up into safety and sectors that have more visibility on their earnings, as well as those companies that don’t rely as heavily on foreign markets.
Defense as we believe that defense primes, particularly those that aren’t integrated into civilian aerospace should continue to see steady government support and contracts, which we believe should also add more counter cyclical stability.
Healthcare and biotech, sectors that are structurally insulated from trade flows and could be sheltered from many of the planned tariffs.
This rotation may create a bear market bounce or recovery rally in the near term. Or we may get blitzed by frenetic headlines that could be a good news drip to produce a counter rally, in either case we believe that it will be short-lived and tactical, but tradeable. It should be used to exit out of positions that may have recovered some of their losses not purchased. We don’t believe a buying opportunity will truly emerge until May, after more market pressure and Q1 Earnings are behind us. It is our base case that a policy off ramp will emerge but only after Congress and the Senate begin to fear the wrath of the electorate as prices rise over the next two months.
Scenario Matrix: Repricing the Future
Scenario | Probability | Characteristics | Asset Implications |
---|---|---|---|
Managed Retaliation | 40% | Limited counter-tariffs; policy moderation after Q2 economic prints | U.S. equities range-bound; long-duration rates steady; rotation into domestic defensives, no-growth scenario, 2-2.5% full year GDP reduction |
Retaliatory Spiral | 30% | Full spectrum tariffs from EU and China; potential WTO involvement | Highly recessionary, commodities fall; equities fall 10-20% from current levels, 1-1.5% full year GDP contraction |
Deal Pivot ( Tail Risk) | 20% | Markets force a policy reversal, Concessions granted to trading partners | Sharp relief rally; tech and multinationals outperform; VIX sub-14, 0.5% Q1 GDP print with acceleration in Q2, +1.5-1.7% 2025 GDP |
Disorder Pricing | 10% | Global supply chains fracture, Fed forced into dual mandate conflict | Treasury yield curve steepens; IG credit widens; rush to safe havens, market falls another 20-40%, -1.5-2% GDP contraction, financial crisis emerges |
Fixed Income as a Fortress
With equity markets caught in ideological crossfire, it’s prudent to revisit the fixed income complex as a refuge.
Front-End Yield: Elevated policy rates have raised front-end yields into attractive territory. 2-year Treasuries at 3.64%+ offer a compelling return with minimal duration risk, 10-year Treasuries at 4% could be a good place to hide as the Fed pivots into rate cutting.
Credit Barbell: Balance investment-grade duration with tactical allocations to short-duration high-yield or structured products. This guards against rate shocks while offering spread pickup.
Agency MBS: In a domestic-centric policy environment, agency bonds particularly those supported by direct fiscal flows could perform.
Conclusion: Resiliency Through Risk Management
The age of global capital expansion is fading quickly, and in its stead is a more adversarial, politicized economic regime marked by fractured trade, isolation, erratic political leadership, and higher volatility.
We have previously discussed that systemic volatility would be the new constant. The tariff war confirms that thesis. But amid these dislocations, tactical clarity can be found. Fixed income is no longer a passive hedge, it is a portfolio building block. Duration, discipline, and defensive cash flow are the new growth strategies for the time being. It is better to wait on the sidelines, calmly and cooly earning yield, protecting capital and waiting for clarity to re-engage growth stocks and mega-caps, than trying to time the market bottom or the policy whimsy of the current administration.
Markets may rally on headlines, but the real gains will go to those who embrace a new defensive posture and have cash to put back to work when the markets finally bottom, and constructive policy replaces 1890’s outdated thinking.
In the meantime, we will be hopeful that negotiations commence amongst our trading partners and buffer the current economic fallout. The only net positive to emerge from the current market reaction is that this should put pressure on the administration to find an off ramp before it is too late.
References
Morgan Stanley. “Trump Liberation Day: Market Fallout and Strategic Opportunities.” April 2025. https://www.morganstanley.com/articles/trump-liberation-day-tariff-announcement
UBS. “Trump’s Trade Doctrine – Tariff Scenarios and Market Impact.” April 2025. https://www.ubs.com/us/en/wealth-management/insights/investment-research/potus-47/articles/tariff-scenarios.html#table
Aston University. “Global Cost of 2025 Tariff War Could Reach $1.4 Trillion.” April 2025. https://www.aston.ac.uk/latest-news/global-cost-2025-tariff-war-could-reach-14-trillion
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. “The Economic Mechanics of Tariffs.” Economic Brief, March 2025. https://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/economic_brief/2025/eb_25-12
Yale Budget Lab. “Where We Stand: Fiscal, Economic and Distributional Effects of All US Tariffs Enacted Through April 2025.” https://budgetlab.yale.edu/research/where-we-stand-fiscal-economic-and-distributional-effects-all-us-tariffs-enacted-2025-through-april
American Action Forum. “Trump’s Reciprocal Tariffs: Potential Scenarios and Cost Estimates.” April 2025. https://www.americanactionforum.org/research/trumps-reciprocal-tariffs-potential-scenarios-and-cost-estimates/
JPMorgan. “Global Macro Update: Tariff Turbulence and Rotation Opportunities.” April 2025. https://www.jpmorgan.com/insights/global-research/current-events/us-tariffs
Bloomberg. “Trump Tariffs Set to Zap Nearly $2 Trillion from US Stock Market.” April 3, 2025. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-04-03/trump-tariffs-set-to-zap-nearly-2-trillion-from-us-stock-market
Bloomberg. “Trump’s Reciprocal Tariff Formula Is All About Trade Deficits.” April 3, 2025. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-04-03/trump-s-reciprocal-tariff-formula-is-all-about-trade-deficits
Reuters. “US Asset Managers Slide After Trump Slaps Reciprocal Tariffs.” April 3, 2025. https://www.tradingview.com/news/reuters.com,2025:newsml_L6N3QH0N6:0-us-asset-managers-fall-after-trump-slaps-reciprocal-tariffs/
Reuters Graphics. “Global Markets React to Tariff Shock.” April 2, 2025. https://www.reuters.com/markets/wealth/global-markets-tariffs-graphic-pix-2025-04-02/
Cato Institute. “Three Big Reasons to Doubt Trump’s Tariff-Driven Investment Boom.” April 2025. https://www.cato.org/commentary/three-big-reasons-doubt-trumps-tariff-driven-investment-boom
Barron’s. “How Tariffs Will Affect Economic Growth and Inflation.” April 2, 2025. https://www.barrons.com/livecoverage/trump-tariffs-april-2-liberation-day-news/card/how-tariffs-will-affect-economic-growth-inflation-cdOW5Egu0DWUb8HGeD7c
Bloomberg. “UBS, Templeton See China Stocks Braving Tariff Blow.” April 3, 2025. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-04-03/ubs-wealth-templeton-see-china-stocks-braving-tariff-blow